参考文献/References:
[1] Wernicke C.Die akute hamorrhagische Polioencephalitis superior[J].Lehrbuch Dergehirnkrankheiten Furartzeund Studierende,1881:229-242.
[2]Zuccoli G,Gallucci M,Capellades J,et al.Wernicke encephalopathy: Mr findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients[J].American Journal of Neuroradiology,2007,28(7):1328-1331.
[3]Zuccoli G,Pipitone N.Neuroimaging findings in acute wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature[J].American Journal of Roentgenology,2009,192(2):500-507.
[4]Harper C.The incidence of wernicke encephalopathy in australia-a neuropathological study of 131 cases[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,1983,46(7):593-598.
[5]Thomson AD.Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and the development of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome[J].Alcohol Alcohol Suppl,2001,35(1):2-7.
[6]Becker DA,Ingala EE,Martinez-Lage MA,et al.Dry beriberi and wernicke's encephalopathy following gastric lap band surgery[J].Journal of Clinical Neuroscience,2012,19(7):1050-1052.
[7]Pardo-Aranda F,Perez-Romero N,Osorio J,et al.Wernicke's encephalopathy after sleeve gastrectomy:literature review[J].International Journal of Surgery Case Reports,2016,20:92-95.
[8]Koguchi K,Nakatsuji Y,Abe K,et al.Wernicke's encephalopathy after glucose infusion[J].Neurology,2004,62(3):512-512.
[9]Gangolf M,Czerniecki J,Radermecker M,et al.Thiamine status in humans and content of phosphorylated thiamine derivatives in biopsies and cultured cells[J].PLoS One,2010,5(10):e13616.
[10]Abdul-Muneer PM,Alikunju S,Schuetz H,et al.Impairment of thiamine transport at the GUT-BBB-AXIS contributes to Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].Mol Neurobiol,2018,55(7):5937-5950.
[11]Abdou E,Hazell AS.Thiamine deficiency: an update of pathophysiologic mechanisms and future therapeutic considerations[J].Neurochem Res,2015,40(2, SI):353-361.
[12]Hazell AS,Todd KG,Butterworth RF.Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].Metab Brain Dis,1998,13(2):97-122.
[13]艾伟真,邵光金,李亚彬.韦尼克脑病的影像学表现和临床特点分析[J].山西医药杂志,2017,46(1):36-38.
[14]Baek HJ,Bae K,Jeon KN,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging of alcohol-induced encephalopathies[J].HONG KONG JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY,2018,21(1):58-64.
[15]Liu YT,Fuh JL,Lirng JF,et al.Correlation of magnetic resonance images with neuropathology in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2006,108(7):682-687.
[16]Wijnia JW,Oudman E,Bresser EL,et al.Need for early diagnosis of mental and mobility changes in wernicke encephalopathy[J].Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology,2014,27(4):215-221.
[17]周露玲,杨琴.韦尼克脑病的诊治进展[J].现代医药卫生,2016,32(8):1173-1176.
[18]Chamorro A J,Rosón-Hernández B,Medina-García J A,et al.Differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: a multicenter observational study[C].Mayo Clinic Proceedings Elsevier,2017,92(6):899-907.
[19]Reuler JB,Girard DE,Cooney TG.Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].N Engl J Med,1985,312(16):1035-1039.
[20]Zhang SQ,Guan YT.Acute bilateral deafness as the first symptom of Wernicke encephalopathy[J].American Journal of Neuroradiology,2012,33(3):E44-E45.
[21]Caine D,Halliday GM,Kril JJ,et al.Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics:identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].Journal of Neurology,Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,1997,62(1):51-60.
[22]Sørensen C G,Karlsson W K,Amin F M,et al.Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy:a systematic review[J].Journal of Neurology,2018:1-13.
[23]崔红卫,付振强,孙同文,等.非酒精性韦尼克脑病的临床与MRI影像特征[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2016,42(6):362-365.
[24]Meredith R,Wicklund,D,Knopman S. Brain MRI findings in Wernicke encephalopathy[J].Neurology:Clinical Practice,2013,3(4):363-364.
[25]Mascalchi M,Simonelli P,Tessa C,et al.Do acute lesions of Wernicke's encephalopathy show contrast enhancement? Report of three cases and review of the literature[J].Neuroradiology,1999,41(4):249-254.
[26] Pereira DB,Pereira ML,Gasparetto EL.Nonalcoholic wernicke encephalopathy with extensive cortical involvement:cortical laminar necrosis and hemorrhage demonstrated with susceptibility-weighted Mr phase images[J].American Journal of Neuroradiology,2011,32(2):E37-E38.
[27] Zuccoli G,Siddiqui N,Bailey A,et al.Neuroimaging findings in pediatric Wernicke encephalopathy: a review[J].Neuroradiology,2010,52(6):523-529.
[28] Kim HA,Lee H.Atypical wernicke's encephalopathy with remarkable cerebellar lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI[J].Eur Neurol,2007,58(1):51.
[29] Wu L,Jin D,Sun X,et al.Cortical damage in Wernicke's encephalopathy with good prognosis: a report of two cases and literature review[J].Metab Brain Dis,2017,32(2):377-384.
[30] Kavuk I,Agelink MW,Gaertner T,et al.Wernicke's encephalopathy:unusual contrast enhancement revealed by magnetic resonance imaging[J].Eur J Med Res,2003,8(11):492-494.
[31] Gianvincenzo,Sparacia,Andrea,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain involvement in alcoholic and nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy[J].World J Radiol,2017,9(2):72-78.
[32] Liou KC,Kuo SF,Chen LA.Wernicke encephalopathy with atypical magnetic resonance imaging[J].American Journal of Emergency Medicine,2012,30(9):e1-e3.
[33] Zuccoli G,Cruz DS,Bertolini M,et al.Mr imaging findings in 56 patients with wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics May differ from alcoholics[J].American Journal of Neuroradiology,2009,30(1):171-176.
[34] Schmahmann JD.Vascular syndromes of the thalamus[J].Stroke,2003,34(9):2264-2278.
[35] Masson C,Colombani JM.Primary acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the adult.Study of 6 year follow-up of 2 patients[J].Presse Medicale,2002,31(37 Pt 1):1739-1745.
[36] Zeidler M,Sellar RJ,Collie DA,et al.The pulvinar sign on magnetic resonance imaging in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease[J].Lancet,2000,355(9213):1412-1418.
[37] Doherty MJ,Watson NF,Uchino K,et al.Diffusion abnormalities in patients with Wernicke encephalopathy[J].Neurology,2002,58(4):655-657.
[38] Masselli G,Bernieri MG,De Stefano MG,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging and h-proton spectroscopy assessment of maternal and foetal brains in a case of pregnancy-associated wernicke encephalopathy[J].J Obstet Gynaecol(Lahore),2016,36(8):996-998.
[39] Mascalchi M,Belli G,Guerrini L,et al.Proton Mr spectroscopy of Wernicke encephalopathy[J].American Journal of Neuroradiology,2002,23(10):1803-1806.
[40] Galvin R,Bråthen G,Ivashynka A,et al.EFNS guidelines for diagnosis,therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy[J].European Journal of Neurology,2010,17(12):1408-1418.
[41] Sechi GP,Serra A.Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management[J].Lancet Neurol,2007,6(5):442-455.
[42] Peake R,Godber IM,Maguire D.The effect of Magnesium administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity in alcoholic patients treated with thiamine[J].Scott Med J,2013,58(3):139-142.
[43] Kopelman MD,Thomson AD,Guerrini I,et al.The korsakoff syndrome:clinical aspects,psychology and treatment[J].Alcohol and Alcoholism,2009,44(2):148-154.