参考文献/References:
[1] Trinka E,Leitinger M.Management of status epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus, and super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Continuum (Minneap Minn),2022,28(2):559-602.
[2] Malter MP,Neuneier J.Super-refractory status epilepticus in adults[J].Neurol Res Pract,2022,4(1):35.
[3] Kantanen AM,Reinikainen M,Parviainen I,et al.Incidence and mortality of super-refractory status epilepticus in adults[J].Epilepsy Behav,2015,49:131-134.
[4] Strzelczyk A,Ansorge S,Hapfelmeier J,et al.Costs, length of stay, and mortality of super-refractory status epilepticus:a population-based study from Germany[J].Epilepsia,2017,58(9):1533-1541.
[5] Howing CE,Razi F,Hakmeh W.Resolution of status epilepticus after ketamine administration[J].Am J Emerg Med,2022,54:328.e1-328.e2.
[6] Gaspard N,Foreman B,Judd LM,et al.Intravenous ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus:a retrospective multicenter study[J].Epilepsia,2013,54(8):1498-1503.
[7] Hfler J,Rohracher A,Kalss G,et al.(S)-Ketamine in refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus:a retrospective study[J].CNS Drugs,2016,30(9):869-876.
[8] Sabharwal V,Ramsay E,Martinez R,et al.Propofol-ketamine combination therapy for effective control of super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Epilepsy Behav,2015,52(Pt A):264-266.
[9] Alkhachroum A,Der NC.Ketamine to treat super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Neurology,2020,95:e2286-e2294.
[10]Zeiler FA,Teitelbaum J.The ketamine effect on ICP in traumatic brain injury[J].Neurocrit Care,2014,21:163-173.
[11]Zeiler FA,Teitelbaum J,West M,et al.The ketamine effect on intracranial pressure in nontraumatic neurological illness[J].J Crit Care,2014,29(6):1096-1106.
[12]Rosati A,De Masi S,Guerrini R.Ketamine for refractory status epilepticus:a systematic review[J].CNS Drugs,2018,32(11):997-1009.
[13]Yasiry Z,Shorvon SD.How phenobarbital revolutionized epilepsy therapy:the story of phenobarbital therapy in epilepsy in the last 100 years[J].Epilepsia,2012,53 Suppl 8:26-39.
[14]Pugin D,Foreman B,De Marchis GM,et al.Is pentobarbital safe and efficacious in the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus:a cohort study[J].Crit Care,2014,18(3):R103.
[15]Byun JI,Chu K,Sunwoo JS,et al.Mega-dose phenobarbital therapy for super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Epileptic Disord,2015,17(4):444-452.
[16]Mirsattari SM,Sharpe MD,Young GB.Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with inhalational anesthetic agents isoflurane and desflurane[J].Arch Neurol,2004,61(8):1254-1259.
[17]Kofke WA,Young RS,Davis P,et al.Isoflurane for refractory status epilepticus:a clinical series[J].Anesthesiology,1989,71(5):653-659.
[18]Stetefeld HR,Schaal A,Scheibe F,et al.Isoflurane in (super-) refractory status epilepticus:a multicenter evaluation[J].Neurocrit Care,2021,35(3):631-639.
[19]Plans-Galván O,Daniel X,Rosich S,et al.Use of isoflurane as treatment for super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Rev Neurol,2023,76(9):309-312.
[20]Holzer FJ,Rossetti AO,Heritier BA,et al.Antibody-mediated status epilepticus:a retrospective multicenter survey[J].Eur Neurol,2012,68:310-317.
[21]Brigo F,Bragazzi NL,Igwe SC,et al.Topiramate in the treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in adults:a systematic review with individual patient data analysis[J].Drugs,2017,77(1):67-74.
[22]Kellinghaus C,Berning S,Stgbauer F.Use of oxcarbazepine for treatment of refractory status epilepticus[J].Seizure,2014,23(2):151-154.
[23]Novy J,Rossetti AO.Oral pregabalin as an add-on treatment for status epilepticus[J].Epilepsia,2010,51(10):2207-2210.
[24]Uchida Y,Terada K,Madokoro Y,et al.Stiripentol for the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus with cross-sensitivity[J].Acta Neurol Scand,2018,137(4):432-437.
[25]Thakur KT,Probasco JC,Hocker SE,et al.Ketogenic diet for adults in super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Neurology,2014,82(8):665-670.
[26]Vasquez A,Farias-Moeller R,Tatum W.Pediatric refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus[J].Seizure,2019,68:62-71.
[27]Park EG,Lee J,Lee J.The ketogenic diet for super-refractory status epilepticus patients in intensive care units[J].Brain Dev,2019,41(5):420-427.
[28]Cervenka MC,Hocker S,Koenig M,et al.Phase I/II multicenter ketogenic diet study for adult superrefractory status epilepticus[J].Neurology,2017,88(10):938-943.
[29]Kaul N,Nation J,Laing J,et al.Modified low ratio ketogenic therapy in the treatment of adults with super-refractory status epilepticus[J].JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr,2022,46(8):1819-1827.
[30]Watanabe M,Tozzi R,Risi RNA,et al.Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a comprehensive review of the literature[J].Obesity Reviews,2020,21(8):e13024.
[31]Kossoff EH,Zupec-Kania BA,Auvin S,et al.Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy:updated recommendations of the international ketogenic diet study group[J].Epilepsia Open,2018,3(2):175-192.
[32]Wang TA,Chen C,Huang F,et al.TMEM16C is involved in thermoregulation and protects rodent pups from febrile seizures[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2021,118(20):e2023342118.
[33]Kowski AB,Kanaan H,Schmitt FC,et al.Deep hypothermia terminates status epilepticus—an experimental study[J].Brain Res,2012,1446:119-126.
[34]Zeiler FA,Zeiler KJ,Teitelbaum J,et al.Therapeutic hypothermia for refractory status epilepticus[J].Can J Neurol Sci,2015,42(4):221-229.
[35]Legriel S,Lemiale V,Schenck M,et al.Hypothermia for neuroprotection in convulsive status epilepticus[J].N Engl J Med,2016,375(25):2457-2467.
[36]Cai PY,Bodhit A,Derequito R,et al.Vagus nerve stimulation in ischemic stroke:old wine in a new bottle[J].Front Neurol,2014,5:107.
[37]Trinka E,Hfler J,Leitinger M,et al.Pharmacologic treatment of status epilepticus[J].Expert Opin Pharmacother,2016,17(4):513-534.
[38]Valentín A,Nguyen HQ,Skupenova AM,et al.Centromedian thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation in refractory status epilepticus[J].Brain Stimul,2012,5(4):594-598.
[39]Basha MM,Suchdev K,Dhakar M,et al.Acute resective surgery for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus[J].Neurocrit Care,2017,27(3):370-380.
[40]Ferlisi M,Shorvon S.The outcome of therapies in refractory and super-refractory convulsive status epilepticus and recommendations for therapy[J].Brain,2012,135(Pt 8):2314-2328.